Edited by
Lieberherr-Gardiol Françoise and Solinis German

Contents

Authors

Summary

Foreword, by German Solinis and Françoise Lieberherr-Gardiol

Historical perspectives

Globalization and new features of urbanization

Introduction :
Urban, a multiple and open figure [published seperately]

by Germán Solinís
Courriels: [email protected] ou [email protected].

Part I:
Historical perspectives

Chapter I. The UN and the Urban Agenda, a journey from Vancouver to Nairobi, Istanbul and Medellin. [published seperately]

by Daniel Biau
Courriel: [email protected]

1. Vancouver 1976: the birth of the urban question

The Vancouver Action Plan

2. Sustainable urbanization, a response to economic and social development challenges

Managing urbanization better

3. UMP (1986-2005), a major research-action effort

Introducing urban government

City consultation

4. Urban planning revisited

The revival of city planning

Can urban planning become affordable for all ?

5. Rediscovering slums in the new millennium

Overcrowding patterns

Survival strategies

Policy principles

6. Focus on water and sanitation

Regulating public-private partnerships

Making water accessible

Sanitation: an impossible challenge ?

7. Territorial affirmative action, the need for political will

Investment incentives

Public infrastructure priorities

Pricing of water services

Progressive property taxation

Intergovernmental transfers

Political challenge

8. The recognition of local authorities

Partnerships at global level

UN city partnerships

From a European charter to international guidelines on decentralization and basic services

9. Cities and climate change

10. Other topics on the urban agenda

Bibliography

Chapter II. Urban policy and the crisis of globalisation. [published seperately]

by Gustave Massiah
Courriel: [email protected]

1. Urbanisation and globalisation

The World's population in full transformation

The rift between urbanization and industrialization

2. Urban models and urban policies

The Fordist model of regulation and the modern movement

The national independance development model and the focus space of States

The structural adjustment model and fragmented space

The crisis of neoliberalism opens up a new face

3. Urban social movements

4. The crisis and urban policies

The dangers of the crisis

Opportunities opened up by the crisis

5. Alternative local policies

The challenges for alternatives local policies

Strategic lines of alternative local policies

Transformations of urban policies

Postface

References

Part II.
The emergence of regulations within globalisation

Chapter III. Governances, from global to urban – between innovation and revamping. [published seperately]

by Françoise Lieberherr-Gardiol
Courriel: [email protected]

Multiple interpretations of governance

From analytical approaches to normative views

A generalized idea and an all-encompassing logic

On urban governance

Diffusion of urban governance in the South

Decentralization, municipal learning and overlapping governances in Burkina Faso

Public administration reforms and participatory approaches in Viet Nam

Urban Democratic Forums, participatory tools in Bulgaria

Urban governance – a challenge and a permanent state of construction

References

Chapter IV. Participatory democracies: a slow march toward new paradigms from Brazil to Europe? [published seperately]

by Giovanni Allegretti
Courriel: [email protected]

The “Double Disease of Democracy”

Converging crises

Participatory Budgeting: an incremental tool for facing a wide range of issues

Tailoring practices to the changing contexts

The rescue of territories: reaching environmental sustainability through enhancing citizenship

Enhancing a pedagogy of solidarity

Learning from the South and differenciating motivations and goals of experimentation

Families of innovative practice: heading beyond models

Expanding knowledge through planetary networks

The opportunities of «scaling-up»

Towards an open conclusion: enhancing the quality of policy through the quality of democracy

Beyond the sprawl ? The difficulty of changing cultural references

References

Chapter V. Security – a permanent challenge for cities. [published seperately]

by Franz Vanderschueren
Courriel: [email protected]

The city, symbol of security

The urbanisation shapes security

Initial urbanisation changes insecurity

An institutional response: the police

Generating an ideological consensus

The crisis of the early metropolises in America

The consumer society restructures security

Exponential growth of criminality

The range of urban causes

The emergence of new crimes

Crimes linked to drug-trafficking

Organised crime

Cyber crime

Awareness of domestic violence

The narrowing of the gap between serious crime and petty crime

Attempts to respond

Privatised security

The wave of police reforms

The new urban context

The new governance of security

Promising practices

The priorities

Conclusion: the beginning of a long road

References

Chapter VI. Urban environment in the context of development: the case of Southeast Asia. [published seperately]

by Adrian Atkinson
Courriel: [email protected]

The advent of the late 20th century Environmental Movement

The process of rapid urbanisation in the South

Urban environmental problems in the South

What is being done to overcome the problems?

Urban environmental planning and management in Indonesia

Urban environmental planning and management in Vietnam

Concluding thoughts

References

Part III.
Emerging urban policies

Chapter VII. Democratic decentralisation at the crossroads. A case study of India. [published seperately]

by Isabelle Milbert
Courriel: [email protected]

Introduction

Launching of decentralisation policies

Democratic assertion of decentralisation

The difficulty in building an urban citizenry through decentralisation

Uneven transfers of functions

Decentralisation, but without the means required for fulfilling its objectives

From decentralisation to the privatisation of land development

Conclusion

References

Chapter VIII. Possibilities, challenges and lessons of the urban reform pro-cess in Brazil. [published seperately]

By Edesio Fernandes
Courriel: [email protected]

Urban development and its challenges

The origins of the Urban Reform Movement

A new legal-political order for the cities with the 1988 Federal Constitution

Local experiences in the 1990s and the expansion of the new legal order

A pioneering legal framework : the 2001 City Statute

Institutional reform at the federal level

Sustainable Urban Land Regularisation in a National Programme

Participatory Municipal Master Plans, the National Campaign

Difficulties and constraints

The National Council of Cities

Current challenges for the City Statute and the Ministry of Cities in Brazil

Possible lessons from the Brazilian experience

References

Conclusion
Planetary urbanisation with or without cities

[published seperately]

by Thierry Paquot

Courriel: [email protected]

A three-phase history of cities

Five forms of urbanisation and five questions

Ecological urbanisation: what form(s) of urbanism?